Figure I: Comparison of the deformation of V skull prints aged over 1 year with different
2-dimensional geometries and 3-dimensional forms wrapped over a steel frame with biopolymer film.





















Figure II: Individual flat films of printed biopolymer sheets in set.




















Figure III: Toolpaths and material cost / volume diagrams from printed biopolymer sheets in set.






















Figure IV: These experiments examine how biopolymer surfaces wrapped over rigid structures may shrink and deform over time. Steel rod is welded into volumetric faceted frames. The hydrogel toolpaths are designed to match the shape and dimensions of specific areas on the frame.

















Figure V: Toolpaths and material cost / volume diagrams from printed biopolymer sheets in set.










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