Figure I: Diagram comparing volume of material, print duration, and cost for different biopolymer formulas used in each multimaterial print in the series of 70 skins.














Figure II: Diagram comparing volume of material, print duration, and cost for different biopolymer formulas used in each print in the series of 120 swatches.


















Figure III: Animation of composite pie chart circle diagram comparing cost of materials for each multimaterial print (70 skins) and single material print (120 swatches).


















Cost distribution of materials


Figure IV: Animation of composite pie chart circle diagram comparing ingredient volume for each multimaterial print (70 skins) and single material print (120 swatches).

















Figure V: Diagrams illustrating the yield of bio materials (pectin, honey, tree sap, chitosan) with the number of organisms and amount of time needed to naturally grow and refine 1 lb. of materials in an ecosystem.
















Figure VI: Diagram showing physical material properties of 5 primary base pectin formulation that include hydrophilicity, hysteresis, surface tension, roughness, optimal speed and pressure print parameters.















Figure VII: Charts depicting relative distribution of material amount, cost and printing time for 9 case studies.


















Figure VIII: Correlation between fermentation rates and printing parameters in warm, cold and room temperature (left) and in various pectin formulas (right) by changing extrusion parameters over 10 days.















Figure IX: Structural formulas of biopolymer materials used in hydrogel mixtures.